International University of Travnik , Travnik , Bosnia and Herzegovina
The explosiveness of coal dust is a complex process determined by the action of physicochemical and environmental factors. Among the most important physical factors are the particle size distribution and dust concentration in the air, where finer particles and an optimal concentration significantly increase the risk of explosion. The chemical composition, especially the content of volatile matter, directly affects flammability and combustion intensity, while the presence of inert substances reduces explosiveness by absorbing heat.
Environmental factors, such as the presence of methane, oxygen content, temperature, pressure, and ventilation, play a key role in the initiation and propagation of an explosion. Methane is particularly dangerous because it can act as an initial trigger of an explosion. Moisture in dust generally reduces explosiveness, but under certain conditions it may contribute to its intensity.
Preventive measures include controlling the concentration of dust and gases, effective ventilation, the use of inert dust, maintaining optimal humidity, and eliminating ignition sources. Through systematic implementation of these measures, it is possible to significantly reduce the risk and consequences of explosions in mines.
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